Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union, several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance. In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighboring country.
[edit] Albania
- Greeks in Albania
- Proposed state, Proposed autonomous region
- Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (Northern Epirus)
- Political parties
- Proposed state, Proposed autonomous region
[edit] Azerbaijan
- De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic[1]
- Proposed autonomous area: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic[2]
[edit] Belgium
Further information: Partition of Belgium
- Brussels-Capital Region
- Political parties (seeking a union with France):
- Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders):
- Lijst Dedecker
- Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- Flemish Region
- Political parties (seeking independence or confederation and, in some cases, a certain degree of cooperation with the Netherlands):
- Lijst Dedecker
- Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- Political parties (seeking independence or confederation and, in some cases, a certain degree of cooperation with the Netherlands):
- Walloon Region
- Political parties (seeking a union with France):
[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Republika Srpska
- Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party[3]
[edit] Croatia
- Istria
- Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly, Istrian Democratic Forum
- Serbian Krajina
- Political party: Republic of Serbian Krajina Government in Exile
[edit] Cyprus
- Northern Cyprus
- De facto state: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
[edit] Czech Republic
- Moravia
- Political parties: MoravanƩ (member of the European Free Alliance)[4]
[edit] Denmark
- Faroe Islands
- Political party: Republican Party, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
[edit] Finland
- Ć
land
- Political party: Future of Ć land (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Proposed state: Ć land
- Sami
[edit] France
- Irredentist movements
- Nord-Pas de Calais Flanders (see French Flanders and French Netherlands about movements for autonomy and reunification withFlanders of Belgium.)
- Secessionist movements
- Basque CountryMain article: Basque nationalism
- Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (member of the European Free Alliance), Parti Nationaliste Basque.
- Pressure group: All local politicians[citation needed], even those in "French" parties, agree to demand a Basque dƩpartement and co-officiality of Basque language, a demand that has been rejected by the French government.
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth pressure groups: Egi, Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
- Militant organization: Iparretarrak (defunct), ETA, Irrintzi
- Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
- Brittany
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political party: Adsav, Emgann
- Militant organization: ArmƩe RƩvolutionnaire Bretonne, Front de LibƩration de la Bretagne
- Proposed state: Brittany
- Northern Catalonia
- Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (member of the European Free Alliance), Bloc CatalĆ
- Proposed state: PaĆÆsos Catalans
- Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
- Political party: Corsica Libera
- Militant organization: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
- Proposed state: Corsica
- Savoy
- Political party: Savoyard League
- Gradual and eventual secession
- Brittany
- Political party: Breton Party
- Autonomist movements
- Alsace-Lorraine
- Political party: Alsace d'Abord, Forum Nationaliste d'Alsace-Lorraine, Union du Peuple Alsacien
- Brittany
- Political party: Union DĆ©mocratique Bretonne (member of the European Free Alliance),
- Corsica (Main article: Corsican nationalism)
- Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Proposed autonomous area: Corsica
- Normandy
- Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
- Proposed region: Normandie (to merge the two regions of Basse-Normandie and Haute-Normandie opposed by Norman activists).
- Savoy
- Political party: Savoyard League
- Occitania
- Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan (member of the European Free Alliance), Iniciativa per OccitĆ nia, Anaram au Patac, HartĆØra
- Rearrangement of regions
- Picardie (region), by activists are the Picard people. the French government regional committee had planned to subdivide the region and give each one of the 3 departements to neighboring regions of Champagne-Ardenne, Ile-de-France and Nord Pas-de-Calais. The Picard people are divided on this proposal.[citation needed]
- Several regions want to be divided into newer ones, notably in the Midi-Pyrenees and Alpes-Cote de Azur.[citation needed]
[edit] Georgia
Abkhazia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- De facto state: Republic of Abkhazia
- Proposed autonomous area: Javakhk autonomous region
- Advocacy groups: Javakhk, United Javakhk Democratic Alliance, Virk
- De facto state: Republic of South Ossetia
[edit] Germany
- Bavaria
- Political party: Bavaria Party (member of the European Free Alliance)[6]
- Frisia (see The Netherlands)
[edit] Italy
- Padania
- Aosta Valley
- Piedmont
- Political parties: Lega Nord Piemont
- Lombardy
- Political parties: Lega Lombarda, Lega Alleanza Lombarda, Lombard Independentist Front
- Insubria
- Pressure groups: DomĆ Nunch [7]
- Trentino
- South Tyrol
- Political parties: South Tyrolean People's Party, Union for South Tyrol, The Libertarians, South Tyrolean Freedom, Political Movement Ladins, Democratic Party of South Tyrol,Lega Nord Sud Tirolo
- Militant organizations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee
- Veneto
- Movement: Venetism
- Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetians in Movement, Venetian National Party, Venetian People's Unity
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- Political parties : Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Friuli Movement, Giulian Front, Front Furlan
- Liguria
- Political party: Lega Nord Liguria, Ligurian Independentist Movement
- Emilia
- Political parties: Lega Nord Emilia
- Romagna
- Political parties: Lega Nord Romagna
- Tuscany
- Political parties: Lega Nord Toscana
- Marche
- Political parties: Lega Nord Marche
- Umbria
- Political parties: Lega Nord Umbria
- Sardinia
- Political parties: Sardinia Nation, Sardinian Action Party, Independence Republic of Sardinia, To the Left for Independence
- Sicily
- Political parties: Movement for the Independence of Sicily, Sicilian Alliance, Sicilian People's Party, Sicilian National Front
- Pressure groups: Terra e Liberazione
- Southern Italy
Main article: Southern Italy autonomist movements
- Political parties: Movement for Autonomy, Federalist Alliance, Lega Sud Ausonia, Southern Action League
[edit] Lithuania
[edit] Macedonia
- Illyrida
- Political party: Democratic Party of Albanians
- Status: Continued unrest within Albanian-majority areas of Macedonia[8]
[edit] Moldova
- Gagauz Yeri
- Status: Turkic people - autonomous region.[9]
- Transnistria
- Status: De facto state: Transnistria[10]
[edit] Netherlands
- Frisia
- Political party: Frisian National Party, (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in FryslĆ¢n[11]
[edit] Norway
[edit] Poland
- Upper Silesia
- Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement[12]
[edit] Romania
- SzƩkely Land: SzƩkely autonomy initiatives
- Political organisation: Szekler National Council[13]
[edit] Russia
- Adygea[citation needed]
- Chechnya
- Militant organization: Chechen separatists; though recently Ramzan Kadyrov, the Russian-appointed leader of the Chechen Republic within Russia has also made statements seeming to support broad autonomy,[14] criticizing Russian attempts to make a "North Caucasus" district [14] inviting back separatist leader Akhmad Zakayev,[15] and very warm (and somewhat disturbing for Russia even) support for Abkhaz independence [15]
- Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
- Dagestan
- Ingushetia
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- North Ossetia-Alania[citation needed]
- Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia
- Proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Ichkeria)
- Tatarstan
- Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
- Proposed state: Tatarstan, Idel-Ural
- Kalmykia
- Udmurtia
- Movement: the Udmurt Counsel [sic] is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
- Proposed state: Udmurtia
- Circassia
- Movement:Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi
- Proposed state: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as large parts of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachey-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Oblast, and Stavropol' Oblast)
- Balkar and Karachay peoples
- Movement:Various nationalist organizations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia
- Goals:Firstmost, the establishment of autonomy for the Karachai and Balkars, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)
[edit] Serbia
- Republic of Kosovo (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
- Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
- Militant organization: Kosovo Liberation Army (became Kosovo Protection Corps)
- North Kosovo
- Proposed state: part of Serbia
- Vojvodina; Autonomy, Hungarian Regional Autonomy
[edit] Spain
- Basque Country (Autonomous Community of Basque Country and Navarre) (Main article: Basque nationalism)
- Political parties:
- Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party)
- Eusko Alkartasuna (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Aralar
- Nafarroa Bai
- Basque Nationalist Action
- Batasuna (illegalized due to terrorism support)
- Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
- Youth pressure groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Iratzarri, Segi
- Militant organization: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)
- Proposed state: Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
- Political parties:
- Catalonia (Catalan independentism), the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands
- Civil Organization: Sobirania i ProgrĆ©s, Plataforma pel Dret de Decidir, Cercle d'Estudis Sobiranistes, Deu Mil en Xarxa per l'AutodeterminaciĆ³, Solidaritat Catalana per la IndependĆØncia.
- Pressure groups: Catalunya AcciĆ³, Free Catalonia, Moviment de Defensa de la Terra, Reagrupament.
- Youth pressure groups: Maulets, Coordinadora d'Assemblees de Joves de l'Esquerra Independentista, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Endavant, Sindicat d'Estudiants dels PaĆÆsos Catalans, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Negres Tempestes.
- Political parties (pro-Catalan Countries): Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (in the Catalan Countries); Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (in Catalonia, Balearic Islands, andNorthern Catalonia; called Esquerra Republicana del PaĆs ValenciĆ in the Valencian Country), (member of the European Free Alliance); Estat CatalĆ (only based in Catalonia).
- Political parties (based in the Land of Valencia): Bloc Nacionalista ValenciĆ .
- Political parties (based in the Balearic Islands): Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista (in Majorca), Entesa de l’Esquerra de Menorca (in Menorca).
- Political parties (autonomist): ConvergĆØncia DemocrĆ tica de Catalunya, UniĆ³ DemocrĆ tica de Catalunya (in Catalonia only); UniĆ³ Mallorquina (in Majorca only).
- Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism)
- Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (member of the European Free Alliance), NĆS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity)(independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front)(independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party) , Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party)
- Youth pressure groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
- Militant organization: ResistĆŖncia Galega
- Proposed state: Galician Republic
- Main article: Galician nationalism
- Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)
- Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
- Political parties (secessionist): NaciĆ³n Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
- Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
- Proposed state: Andalusia
- Aragon
- Political party (autonomist): Chunta Aragonesista (member of the European Free Alliance)
- Political party (secessionist): Estau AragonƩs, Tierra Aragonesa
- Pressure groups: PuyalĆ³n
- Youth movement: Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista, A Enrestida
- Proposed state: AragĆ³n
- Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)
- Political parties (autonomist): PartĆu Asturianista, URAS
- Political parties (secessionist): UnidĆ” Nacionalista Asturiana (member of the European Free Alliance), Bloque por Asturies, Andecha Astur
- Youth movements: DarrƩu, UNA-MocedƔ , Fai!
- Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA, Frenti Estudiantil d'Asturies
- Other pro-independence organizations: Sofitu
- Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturies
- Proposed flag: Asturina
- Cantabria
- Political party: Conceju Nacionaliegu CƔntabru
- Youth movement: RegĆ¼elta (Revolt)
- Trade union: Intersindical CƔntabra
- Proposed state: Cantabria
- Proposed flag: LƔbaro
- Castile
- Political parties (autonomist): Tierra Comunera
- Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana, Movimiento Popular Castellano,
- Youth movement: YESCA
- Proposed state: Castile
- Proposed flag: PendĆ³n Morado, PendĆ³n Estrellado
- Main article: Castilian nationalism
- LeĆ³n
- Political parties: UniĆ³n del Pueblo LeonĆ©s (UPL or Leonese People's Union), Partido Regionalista del PaĆs LeonĆ©s (PREPAL), UniĆ³n del Pueblo Salmantino (UPS), Partido Carlista del Reino de LeĆ³n (PC)
- Proposed state: PaĆs LlĆÆonĆ©s - Leonese Country (Conceyu Xoven)
- Proposed autonomous region: Comunidad AutĆ³noma de LeĆ³n - Autonomous Community of LeĆ³n (UPL, PREPAL, UPS, PC)
- Civil organizations: Ciudadanos del Reino de Leon (CCRRLL), Ciudadanos Zamoranos (CCZZ)
- Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven (Young Council)
- Principal Article: Leonese regionalist movement
[edit] Sweden
- Sami
- Scania Political or cultural organisation: Stiftelsen SkƄnsk Framtid (Scanian Future Foundation) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)[16]
[edit] Switzerland
- Geneva "Le Republique du Geneve" or "Free State of Geneva".
- Pressure Group: Genevan politicians and activists.[citation needed]
- Jura
- Political party: Mouvement IndƩpendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement), Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe BƩlier(Youth activists movement),
- Ticino
- Political party: Lega dei Ticinesi
- Pressure groups: DomĆ Nunch
[edit] Ukraine
- Crimea (the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Carpathian Ruthenia: Congress of Carpathian Ruthenians
[edit] United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies
- Secessionist movements
- CornwallSee also: Cornish nationalism
- Political party: Cornish National Party
- Militant organization: Cornish National Liberation Army
- EnglandMain article: English independence
- Political party: England First Party[17]
- Pressure groups: English National Liberation Association[18]
- Gibraltar
- Political party: Progressive Democratic Party
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Isle of Man
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political parties: Mec Vannin, Liberal Vannin
- Northern Ireland
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political parties: Sinn FĆ©in, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn FĆ©in, Irish Republican Socialist Party (Irish nationalist)
- ScotlandMain article: Scottish independence
- Political parties: Scottish National Party (member of the European Free Alliance), Scottish Green Party, Scottish Socialist Party, Scottish Democratic Alliance (irridentist in regards to Berwick-upon-Tweed),[20] Solidarity
- WalesMain article: Welsh independence
- Political parties: Plaid Cymru (member of the European Free Alliance), Forward Wales, Wales Green Party, Llais Gwynedd, Cymru Annibynnol
- Pressure groups: Cymuned, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League
- Militant organizations: Free Wales Army, Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru, Meibion Glyndwr
- Autonomist movements
- Cornwall
- Political parties: Mebyon Kernow - Party for Cornwall (member of the European Free Alliance), Cornish Green Party
- Pressure groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Cornish Solidarity, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn,[21]
- EnglandSee also: English nationalism
- Political parties: English Democrats Party, UKIP[22]
- Pressure groups: Campaign for an English Parliament
- Shetland (currently part of Scotland)
- Wessex
- Political parties: Wessex Regionalist Party, officially registered as a political party.[27]
- Pressure group: Wessex Constitutional Convention
- Yorkshire
- Pressure Group Yorkshire Ridings Society
1 comment:
Why does UKIP feature on here as calling for greater autonomy / independence for England? I was under the impression they were die-hard unionists
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