"The Nineteenth century saw a great Springtime of Nations as the revolutions of 1848 saw new countries created the length and breadth of Europe. In our world today we are now seeing our own Spring Awakening with people and cultures that have long been dormant and subdued asserting their right to exist, their right to dream." Adam Price MP
A British exit from the European Union could cost the UK billions of
pounds, a report published by two German institutes predicts. The study by Bertelsmann
Stiftung and Ifo Institute calculates if the UK leaves the EU the
country could lose 14 percent of its GDP – equivalent to £215
billion.
Germany and other EU member states would also lose out
financially, although not as much as Britain.
Even if Britain was successful in negotiating a trade agreement
with the EU, the studies found the cost of a ‘Brexit’ would
outweigh the benefits.
The report analyzed three scenarios and looked at the effect an
EU exit would have on Britain in 2030, the year it believes
negative effects will begin to materialize.
In the report’s most positive case, Britain would negotiate a
trade deal with the EU similar to Switzerland’s.
Under such a deal, the UK’s GDP per head would be £157 lower than
if Britain stayed in the EU.
In its most negative scenario, Britain would lose all trade
privileges arising from EU membership and its free trade
agreements.
Losses could run up to £3,471 per head in such a case, which
factors in trade isolation and the dent to innovation in the UK
and London’s position as a financial center.
“A Brexit is a losing game for everyone in Europe from an
economic perspective alone – particularly for the UK,” said
Aart De Geus, chairman and chief executive of the Bertelsmann
Stiftung.
“But aside from the economic consequences, it would be an
especially bitter setback for European integration as well as
Europe’s role in the world. Setting the course for a Brexit in
the House of Commons elections would weaken the EU.”
Europe’s economic powerhouse Germany would also suffer in the
event of a British exit.
The report calculates Germany could see GDP per capita losses
ranging from €30 (£21) to €700 (£500).
Yes, we know why Nicola Sturgeon is "evading" talk of another Scottish referendum on independence. If she were to admit it she would face the possibility of losing potential votes for the SNP from those who voted No in the referendum, yet who wish to secure a big Scottish representation in parliament in order to advance devolution of powers to Scotland.
A new poll out today points to a truth not many in Westminster are
prepared to admit right now: this year's election is only going to pave
the way for another referendum in the future.
The University of Edinburgh survey found 69% of people believe Scotland
will eventually leave the UK. That's only marginally higher than the
59% who live in England who think the same thing.
"We shouldn't mistake this as support for independence itself," Dr Jan
Eichhorn of the University of Edinburgh tells Politics.co.uk.
"What it means is people in Scotland and every other part of the UK are
not thinking the issue is going away. Some of those people might want
it to go away, but they do think that this issue matters."
His analysis makes sense. The referendum dominated last year and has
triggered a constitutional upheaval which goes well beyond who runs
Holyrood. It has created a wave of momentum which a majority of people
now accept is not going to be halted easily.
The nationalists sensed this before the rest of us did. That was why,
in George Square in Glasgow on referendum night, they were so euphoric.
They knew they had started something which would not simply fade away
and be forgotten about.
Back then their predictions that the Scots would vote for the SNP in
Westminster seemed implausible. Now the expectation is that they could
win as many as 56 of Scotland's 59 seats. That possibility will skew the
2015 election result and make the SNP key players in deciding who
becomes our next prime minister. It's a fascinating prospect and not at
all surprising that we want to examine its implications. But it
distracts us from the bigger picture - that the independence issue
remains as significant as ever.
What flooding Westminster with MPs will do is help propagate the
nationalists' permanent presence on the scene. They are adopting one of
the most tried and tested strategies of war: the envelopment of the
enemy. Cutting off escape routes, shutting down your opponent's
flexibility, triggering a psychological collapse long before the actual
practical options for resistance are exhausted. What the SNP is doing to
the rest of Britain is imposing an unrelenting pressure which creates
its own conclusion.
But it is a steady incremental process, not a quick one. After the
referendum the SNP's initial strategy was to complain about broken
promises. That ultimately led to Sturgeon raising the possibility of a
second referendum if Britain is set to leave the EU. But the University
of Edinburgh's polling has found only 45% of Scots back her on that and
the numbers are even lower elsewhere in the UK.
So instead the nationalists should look to a longer-term goal of
achieving independence in the next few decades, not the next few years.
They should be encouraged because today's research also finds that the
Scottish independence really has motivated political views north of the
border. The 85% turnout figure in the independence referendum itself
wasn't ever going to be repeated in a Westminster election, but Eichhorn
says people in Scotland nevertheless do now have a higher likelihood of
voting in a normal election because of it. Around three-quarters north
of the border say they are certain to vote, compared to around 60%
elsewhere. And many of them want to talk about how Britain is governed.
"Some of that political engagement is moving beyond just the simple
proposition that people engaged with the referendum because that was an
easy issue," Eichhorn adds. "We see something lasting here."
So, it seems, do British voters. They understand that this increased
engagement is a direct response to Scottish nationalism. Those seeking
independence have mobilised the debate and may sooner or later win it.
Today's speech from Sturgeon fits that long-term plan. Dominating the
attention of the Westminster enemy is the first step towards a
successful psychological envelopment. By making themselves impossible to
ignore, with choices narrowing and alternative futures fading away, the
SNP's strategy might be closer to fulfilment than any of us think.
‘The Tories claim the English would be held to ransom under a Miliband
government dependent on SNP support.’ Photograph: Andy
Buchanan/AFP/Getty Images
So now we know the last Tory trick in their book. They’ve tried all
the standard pre-election routines. We’ve had promises of tax cuts,
naturally. They’ve offered a discounted right to buy on housing association homes
they don’t own. The party of austerity has sprayed around spending
pledges, while ridiculing Labour as incompetent spendthrifts. A cabal of
City-funded multimillionaires has tried to paint them as the “party of
working people”. They’ve claimed to be presiding over a great economic
revival.
But the numbers won’t budge. They dismissed Ed Miliband as hopeless, but his ratings are climbing.
So now they’ve fallen back on a brazen attempt to inflame English
nationalism and turn Britain’s peoples against one another. Cheerled by a
Conservative press largely owned by tax-dodging overseas plutocrats,
the Tories claim the English would be held to ransom under a Miliband
government dependent on SNP support. The Scots, who were begged to stay
in the union during last year’s referendum, are now portrayed as some
kind of foreign menace.
The former prime minister John Major, who was himself held to ransom by Ulster Unionists and Eurosceptic MPs, has claimed an SNP-backed Labour government would face “blackmail”. The SNP leader, Nicola Sturgeon, is denounced as “the most dangerous woman in Britain”. There’s even talk of an SNP “coup” and “fascist intimidation”.
This is all fantastical and anti-democratic nonsense. Some of it is no doubt rubbing off south of the border, where the Tory tactic is specifically aimed at winning back English nationalist Ukip voters.
But those who claim to treasure a united Britain can’t have it both
ways. Either Scotland is part of the union or it isn’t. If it is,
whoever Scottish voters elect has the same right to play a part in
Westminster politics as any other party.
No wonder the Tories themselves have fallen out
over the issue, with genuine unionists such as the former Scottish
secretary Lord Forsyth accusing the prime minister of playing a
dangerous game. If the game is successful, and the Tories are returned
to Downing Street, that will provide by far the most fertile ground for a
new referendum on Scottish independence to be held and won.
The reality is that, on current polling, either Miliband will become
prime minister with SNP support – or there will be five more years of
Cameron. That’s a bitter pill for Labour in Scotland to swallow, and if
the party can pull back a few seats from the expected SNP landslide, it
will strengthen Miliband’s hand. But the rise of the SNP, which has
determinedly positioned itself to Labour’s left, is the product of 20
years of New Labour politics and an anti-establishment tide across
Europe that has swelled since the 2008 crash. The Sun’s claim that the
SNP is “hard left” is crazed. Sturgeon has understandably been taken to
task over privatisations and spending squeezes in Scotland.
But the SNP ship has sailed. And the idea that nationalist support
would make a minority Labour government “illegitimate” – let alone that
this would be the first time such a thing has happened, as Cameron claimed at the weekend
– is ridiculous. Minority and coalition governments dominated the first
half of 20th-century Britain. Governments dependent on Irish
nationalist support were common in the years leading up to the first
world war. And Labour governments have regularly relied on the Irish
nationalist SDLP, even though the party wants to “break up the UK”.
You’d never know from the anti-Scottish fearmongers that Sturgeon is now the most popular party leader in Britain
– when English and Welsh voters were exposed to her in the leadership
debates, many liked what they heard. Nor would the SNP’s negotiating
hand in a hung parliament be as strong as claimed, given the party’s
commitment to vote down a Tory administration in any circumstances. And
Cameron’s Conservatives would themselves very probably have to rely on
Ukip and Northern Irish DUP votes, as well as his own right wing, if
their scaremongering were to take them over the line on 7 May.
But all this is a diversion from the fundamental choice at the
election. That is between a Cameron-led government, which has presided
over the deepest cuts in the living standards of the poorest for over a
century while slashing taxes for the rich, and which now wants, in his own words, to make small-state austerity “permanent”.
The only alternative is a government led by Miliband, committed to
ditching the bedroom tax, clamping down on zero-hours contracts and
non-dom tax status, abolishing the House of Lords, introducing mansion
and bankers’ bonus taxes, and raising the top rate to 50%.
For all Miliband’s compromises over austerity, the distance between
the main parties is wider than is often understood. That’s partly
Labour’s own doing. As the Institute of Fiscal Studies points out, there
is little difference between the SNP’s “anti-austerity” spending
pledges and Labour’s “triple lock budget responsibility” plans, which in
fact would allow Miliband to avoid almost all cuts.
But Labour leaders give the opposite impression, to appease the City
and potential swing voters fed years of economic mumbo-jumbo by
politicians and the media. The danger is, that message alienates Green voters and others Labour needs to win back
to be able to form a government – just as Cameron is fighting to
deflate Ukip support. On the doorstep in Nick Clegg’s Sheffield Hallam
constituency on Friday, no one raised the Caledonian menace with me. But
police employees who a generation ago would have been solid Tory voters
were enthusiastically backing the Labour challenger.
Which underlines Cameron’s problem: however much he trumpets
recovery, the reality of cuts, job insecurity and years of falling
living standards have taken their toll. Against that background, the
prospect of a minority government dependent on other parties committed
to change is hardly so terrifying, let alone illegitimate.
There are plenty of downsides, including the risk of spatchcocked
policies and endless haggling. But multiparty alliances, informal or
otherwise, also offer the prospect of opening up politics to pressure
from those who have been locked out of the system – inside and outside
parliament. In any case, some such arrangement now looks almost certain.
The only question is which party and prime minister will be at the
centre of it.
We have had Labour scaremongering and Tory scaremongering, where the two major parties, in league with the right wing media, the banks and the big corporations, united in attempting to ensure the defeat of the Yes vote in the Scottish referendum. Now we are witnessing scaremongering tactics from the Tories, themselves running scared of the prospect of a Labour government supported by the SNP. Recent comments by John Major, Sarah Vine and Michael Fallon are aimed at instilling fear into the minds of the British public, yet are being combated by the directness and honesty of the smaller parties, and particularly by that feisty Scotswoman, Nicola Sturgeon.
General Election 2015: Britain would become a
'communist dictatorship' under Ed Miliband and Nicola Sturgeon, claims
wife of Michael Gove.
The SNP has surged since the referendum under Sturgeon's leadership. Photo: Getty.
Four things have changed in the polls – and in election predictions – since this site launched in early September.
Labour lost their 3-4 point poll lead and are now resolutely tied with the Tories; Ukip have gradually dipped since November, but are still set to win 4 million votes; and the Greens nearly caught the Lib Dems in the polls before fading.
But by far the most significant change has, of course, been in
Scotland. If the SNP surge had never happened, Labour would be set to
win more than 300 seats and take power in May. Instead, we are predicting
the SNP will win 55 seats, and an average of different forecasts hands
them 46. In 2010 they won 6. There are only 59 seats in Scotland.
Few pundits believe these predictions.
Few pundits believe these predictions. Most people hesitate to give the
SNP more than 30 seats (as a recent survey of hundreds of political
academics proved). Very few can conceive of more than 40. And almost no one predicts the SNP will win at least 50.
And yet no poll has implied the SNP will win as few as 35 seats, and
the vast majority suggest they will win more than 40. 18 Scotland-wide
polls have been published over the past five months, and they have almost all suggested the same thing: the SNP will win 45-50 seats, and Labour will lose around 30 of its 41.
Labour are collapsing in their heartlands
At their most favourable, the polls suggest Labour will only lose half
their Scottish seats. But no poll has been so favourable to Labour since
February began, and constituency polls published since then have
suggested that national polls are underrating the scale of Labour’s
collapse.
Lord Ashcroft has polled
40 per cent of Scotland’s seats over the past two months. His polls
have been devastating for Labour. He has polled 19 of Labour’s 41 seats.
16 of those polls have been in the harder half of seats for the SNP to
win – the ones where Labour are protecting majorities of at least 29
points (for comparison, Ed Miliband won his seat, Doncaster North, by 26
points in 2010).
Ashcroft’s polls suggest Labour will lose also but 3-4 of their seats.
14 of those 16 polls have put the SNP ahead, all by at least 3 points (in other words, almost all are outside the margin of error).
These polls imply Labour will lose all but 3-4 of their seats. That is
significantly fewer than the 9-11 seats that national polls imply Labour
will hold.
In other words, the swing to the SNP in Labour’s heartlands is even
greater than the swing in national polls. The swing in national polls is
20.5 points, which means any Labour seat with a majority of less than
41 per cent would turn SNP on an uniform swing. [1]
But Ashcroft has shown an even greater swing than 20.5 points in the 19
Labour-held seats he’s polled. The swing he’s found has been just under
25 points, which would wipe out all Labour seats where they hold
majorities of less than 50 points (David Cameron won his seat, Witney,
by 39 points in 2010).
Dramatic SNP surge in Scotland set to leave
Labour with just TWO MPs robbing Miliband
of a Commons majority
Study of marginal seats suggests election heading for deadlock in May
The SNP is on course for a landslide in Scotland at the General Election
Nationalists could win as many as 56 of Scotland's 59 seats, up from six
Labour would be left with two MPs, the Lib Dems one and the Tories none
A
dramatic surge by the SNP looks set to claim Gordon Brown's Scottish
seat and rob Ed Miliband of a Commons majority, according to a new poll
last night.
The
study of marginal constituencies suggests Labour and the Conservatives
are heading for electoral deadlock in May, with neither party able to
govern alone.
The
poll, commissioned by former Tory treasurer Lord Ashcroft, suggests the
SNP is on course for a landslide at the General Election, winning as
many as 56 of Scotland's 59 seats - up from just six at present.
+5
The poll, commissioned by former Tory
treasurer Lord Ashcroft, suggests the SNP is on course for a landslide
at the General Election, winning as many as 56 of Scotland's 59 seats -
up from just six at present.
The
SNP surge would claim seats held by a string of household names,
including those of departing Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling, and
former Lib Dem leader Charles Kennedy. The Tories are also in danger of
losing their one Scottish seat, held by David Mundell.
At
Westminster the poll suggests Labour and the Conservatives will be tied
on 272 seats each - well short of the 326 needed to command a Commons
majority. Lord Ashcroft said the astonishing surge by the SNP in the
wake of last year's independence referendum had thrown a 'giant spanner
in Labour's works', although the party is forecast to win Tory seats
south of the border.
Of
the eight Scottish seats polled, the SNP would gain six - including
four from Labour - and tie with Mr Mundell, in Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale
and Tweeddale.
Many people in England and Wales would love the chance to vote for Nicola Sturgeon. She has multiplied the chances that the Scots will wipe the board and deprive Scottish Labour of sending MP`s to Westminster.
She was well supported by Leanne Wood, he smaller parties should do well at the General Election and Plaid Cymru may well increase its representation.
Jubilant supporters have mobbed Nicola Sturgeon
on a slow, triumphal walk through west Edinburgh, her standing having
been transformed overnight by an acclaimed appearance in the leaders’
debate.
A crowd of SNP voters – some hardened activists, others new arrivals
swept along in the swelling tide behind Sturgeon’s party, were ecstatic
in their reception of the first minister. If the event was intended as a
simple photocall, the upbeat atmosphere turned it into something closer
to a coronation.
“Good job last night, Nicola,” shouted one man as supporters mobbed
the first minister, their hands holding mobile phones aloft for that
closeup moment; a woman near by yelled out: “You were wonderful.”
Poised, coiffed and grinning , Sturgeon was in demand for a string of
selfies. She was told by one mother posing for a picture with her sons:
“Well done last night, you done women proud. Thank you. Thank you so
much!”
There were toddlers to meet and local chemists to charm. And as
motorists sounded their car horns in an impromptu chorus, Sturgeon
affected modesty at the critical applause and poll-topping ratings her
performance achieved. “The feedback, as far as I have seen, and it is up
for other people to judge, has been positive,” she said.
Nicola Sturgeon stops for a selfie with a supporter in Edinburgh. Photograph: Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images
She said she was delighted to have the chance to seize the initiative
on a UK-wide platform. It confirmed her party is poised to win an
historic landslide, perhaps claiming upwards of 40 of Scotland’s 59
Westminster seats.
“If we all work as hard as we know we can, then the momentum is
unstoppable. And on 7 May, we will make sure that Scotland’s voice is
ringing through the corridors of Westminster more loudly than it has
ever done before,” she proclaimed, to roars of approval.
This was the boss talking, the 44-year-old first minister first began
delivering SNP leaflets as a 16-year-old. For years she was the
disciplined grafter who failed four times to win a constituency seat in
Westminster and Holyrood before finally triumphing in 2007 (she was
elected to Holyrood in 1999 and 2003 on the regional list). The woman
who nearly stood for the leadership in 2004, but instead chose to serve
as deputy leader for a decade to Alex Salmond.
Now, after appearing alongside her allies Natalie Bennett, the
English Greens leader and her friend Leanne Wood, leader of the Welsh
nationalist Plaid Cymru, Sturgeon seemed even to going beyond Scotland, as she said the debate on ITV amounted to an advert for the “progressive alternative” they hope to offer all UK voters.
This would challenge the entire establishment at Westminster, not
just on behalf of Scots and Welsh radicals and nationalists, but
progressives in England too. “I’m very keen to find that common ground;
and if we’re in a position to do so, find that common ground and deliver
change,” Sturgeon said.
As her old boss Alex Salmond, out campaigning in Fife, enthused that
his former protege was “wiping the floor with the Westminster old boys’
network”, Sturgeon offered words of caution: “We’ve got to see how
people vote; after all, there’s a danger that all of us will get carried
away with the post-match analysis.”
Judging by the sheer energy and spirit of the scores of activists
gathered on St John’s Road in the prosperous suburb of Costorphine, this
is yet another seat the Liberal Democrats are unlikely to hold. And
that simple fact is evidence of how far the SNP’s post-referendum tide
has reached.
Nicola Sturgeon at the centre of a crowd. Photograph: Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images
Edinburgh West was, until this election, a three-way marginal where
the SNP would come a distant fourth. The Lib Dems’ Mike Crockart took it
with a 3,803-vote majority over Labour, the Tories a close third. Five
years ago, the SNP was more than 10,000 votes adrift behind Crockart.
But the referendum campaign has changed that. While Edinburgh West,
like most of Scotland’s capital, voted heavily against independence last
September, by 42,946 against to 22,615 in favour, the SNP has
effectively kept every one of those yes votes and built on them. The no
vote is split in three. To have any hope of holding this seat, the Lib
Dems need Tory and Labour no voters to act tactically in their favour to
hold off the SNP.
But now, to add to the Lib Dems’ discomfort, the SNP’s campaign
headquarters is in the old Yes Scotland shop immediately next door to
Crockart’s high street office.
And protected behind a privacy screen, four Lib Dem workers stoically
continued working away on their campaign, as scores of raucous SNP
supporters, their saltires, SNP placards and balloons above their heads,
greeted Sturgeon’s arrival.
Crockart was away at a meeting. A tall young man in his subdued
office seemed to shrug off the contrast. Were they flustered by the huge
crowds outside? “Not really. We had it during the referendum. It’s
fine. It’s democracy,” he said.
As across Scotland, the 2010 results in Edinburgh West are an
historical irrelevance. The referendum changed the political map. Today
the SNP could well win; their candidate is Michelle Thomson, a
businesswoman who became an active figurehead of the small but active
pro-independence Business for Scotland campaign.
But Sturgeon had a warning message to her supporters, their numbers
swollen by people off work for the Easter bank holiday. She had seen
during the referendum campaign thousands of yes activists celebrating
before polling day, assuming victory and then tasting defeat. It
irritated her deeply then. The SNP is being far more canny now.
So in her parting message to her supporters, she fought to get her
voice heard over the car horns and chatter of the crowd: “Michelle is
going to be a fantastic MP but she’s only going to be your MP if you get
out there and make it happen.”
Before climbing into her official car, a black Scottish government
hybrid Lexus, she came close to chiding the jubilant crowd, drumming
home a work ethic central to her success. “We’ve got a great opportunity
but we’re only going to grasp that opportunity if we get out there and
work harder than we’ve ever worked before,” she said.
“My message to you is let’s take nothing for granted – not a single
vote. Let’s get out there over the next few weeks and make sure we win
this election for Scotland.”
Scientists found that Britain can be divided into 17 distinct genetic 'clans'
The Welsh have the most DNA from the original settlers of the British Isles
English genomes are a quarter German and 45 per cent French in origin
French DNA dates from before the Norman conquests of Britain in 1066
Despite their reputation for raping the Vikings left little trace of their DNA
The ancient Romans also left little of their DNA behind after their conquest
People in Cornwall and Devon form two distinct groups that rarely mixed
Note from alanindyfed: The "French DNA" relates to the Gauls, not the Franks. Gauls constituted the Celtic tribes of France during the Roman occupation.
We like to think of ourselves as being different from our European neighbours.
But the English owe a lot to the French and a fair amount to the Germans – at least as far as our genes are concerned.
For
a study has mapped the genetic make-up of Britain. Researchers analysed
the genetic code of 2,000 white Britons and compared the results to
data on more than 6,000 people from ten European countries.
+5
The study found that Britain can be divided into 17 distinct genetic 'clans', as shown in the map above
They found that many of us have DNA that is 45 per cent French in origin while many white Britons are a quarter German.
Surprisingly,
given that they invaded and occupied large parts of the British Isles
for four centuries, there is little genetic trace of the Romans.
Similarly,
the Vikings may have a reputation for rape and pillage but the genetic
evidence shows they did not have enough children with the locals for
their Danish DNA to be present today.
The
Anglo-Saxons, in contrast, did leave a genetic legacy, with about 20
per cent of the DNA of many English people coming from the invaders who
arrived 1,600 years ago.
+5
The diagram above shows the European
ancestry of each of the 17 genetic clusters found in the new genetic
study of the UK. The Welsh were found to have DNA that dates back to the
earliest settlers of Britain
Further DNA comes from earlier migrants from what is now Germany.
The French contribution to our genes did not come from the conquering Normans but from much earlier.
WELSH ARE THE TRUE BRITONS
The Welsh are the true pure Britons, according to the research that has produced the first genetic map of the UK.
Scientists
were able to trace their DNA back to the first tribes that settled in
the British Isles following the last ice age around 10,000 years ago.
Due
to its westerly location and mountainous landscape, few invaders like
the Anglo-Saxons, Romans and Vikings ventured into the Welsh lands.
This means the DNA of people living there has not experienced the influx of 'foreign' genes like other parts of Britain.
The
research found that there is no single 'Celtic' genetic group. The
Welsh, Scottish, Northern Irish and Cornish were found to be the most
different from the rest of the country.
The Cornish are much more genetically similar to other English groups than they are to the Welsh or the Scots.
Some
is from the earliest modern Britons who arrived after the last Ice Age
and more came from a mystery set of migrants who settled before the
Romans invaded.
Other countries to contribute genes to English DNA include Belgium, Denmark and Spain.
The
Oxford University study, which examined people whose grandparents had
all been born near each other and were white European in origin,
revealed that Caucasian Britons can be separated into 17 distinct
genetic groups.
Remarkably,
many of these modern-day ‘clans’ are found in the same parts of the
country as the tribes and kingdoms of the 6th century – suggesting
little changed in Britain for almost 1,500 years.
The people of Orkney are the most distinct, a result of 600 years of Norwegian rule.
The Welsh are the next most distinct.
They have so much DNA from the first modern settlers, that they could claim to be the truest of Britons.
But
even within Wales there are two distinct tribes, with those in the
north and south of the principality less similar genetically than the
Scots are to the inhabitants of Kent.
Clear
differences can be seen between the inhabitants of Cornwall and Devon,
while West Yorkshire and Cumbria also have their own genetic heritage.
+5
The scientists found Caucasians in
Britain can be divided into 17 genetic groups living in different parts
of the country, as shown in the diagram above. Each group had varying
amounts of European DNA in their genes
THE WEST'S GENETIC DIVIDE
They see themselves as rivals rather than neighbours – and the genetic map explains why.
For it has revealed that the inhabitants of Cornwall and Devon are two distinct groups.
Remarkably,
the divide in their DNA is an almost exact match for the modern
geographical boundary – those with Cornish genes tend to live on one
side of the Tamar, while those with Devonian DNA are on the other. The
Cornish have fewer genes in common with the rest of the UK. Dr Magdalena
Skipper, of the journal Nature, described the match as ‘truly
stunning’.
Oxford
University researcher Sir Walter Bodmer said the difference could
probably be explained by the Anglo-Saxons taking longer to reach the
isolated peninsula of Cornwall – and so contributing less DNA to the
gene pool there than in Devon.
EXPOSED, THE CELTIC MYTH
Despite their claims to a cultural kinship, the Celtic peoples do not form a single group, the research shows.
Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Cornwall have a very different genetic make-up.
The Cornish have DNA that is much more similar to that of other English groups than to the Welsh or the Scots.
Oxford
University geneticist Professor Peter Donnelly said: ‘One might have
expected those groups to be quite similar genetically because they were
Celtic. But while see distinct groups in those regions they are amongst
the most different.’
Archaeologist
Professor Mark Robinson said: ‘I had assumed that there was going to be
this uniform Celtic fringe extending from Cornwall through to Wales
into Scotland. And this has very definitely not been the case.’
Britain
today is much more genetically diverse than 125 years ago, when the
grandparents of those who took part in the study were around, but the
same technique could be used to read someone’s DNA and work out which
parts of the UK their ancestors came from.
The research, published in the journal Nature, did not find any obvious genetic footprint from the Romans or Danish Vikings.
However,
this is not down to a lack of virility – merely that they were not here
in large enough numbers to have had enough children for their genes to
live on today.
Study
co-leader Sir Walter Bodmer said: ‘You get a relatively small group of
people who can dominate a country that they come into and there are not
enough of them, however much they intermarry, to have enough of an
influence that we can detect them in the genetics that we do.
‘At
that time, the population of Britain could have been as much as one
million, so an awful lot of people would need to arrive in order for
there to be an impact.’
The map of
the UK on the left shows how the country can be divided into 17 distinct
groups that have a striking relationship with geography. Each of the
clusters is represented by a different symbol while the ellipses give a
sense of the geographical range of each genetic cluster. The map on the
right shows the regions of ancient British, Irish and Saxon control
which relate to many of the modern genetic clusters
His colleague Professor Peter Donnelly added: 'Genetics tells us the story of what happens to the masses.
'There
were already large numbers of people in those areas of Britain by the
time the Danish Vikings came so to have a substantial impact on the
genetics there would need to be very large numbers of them leaving DNA
for subsequent generations.
Polling by Lord Ashcroft indicates that Charles Kennedy could be on the casualty list and Gordon Brown’s seat could fall
Nicola Sturgeon’s SNP could almost cancel out Labour gains in other
parts of Great Britain, producing a dead heat between the two main
parties on 7 May. Photograph: Chris Radburn/PA
The full scale of the post-referendum political earthquake in Scotland
has been demonstrated by a new poll which suggests Charles Kennedy’s
once safe seat will fall to the Scottish National party, along with the
seat Gordon Brown is retiring from in May.
The poll by Lord Ashcroft – which is of a series of parliamentary
seats across Britain – indicates that the SNP, led by Nicola Sturgeon,
could win 56 of Scotland’s 59 parliamentary seats, according to the
veteran polling analyst Mike Smithson. This would virtually wipe out the
Labour party and the Liberal Democrats north of the border.
The projected success of the SNP would almost cancel out Labour
gains in other parts of Great Britain, producing a dead heat between
the two main parties on 7 May, according to Ashcroft’s projections.
The former Tory treasurer, who now insists he is an impartial
pollster, suggested that the Tories and Labour would be tied on 272
seats each. Labour won 258 seats in 2010 while the Tories won 306 seats.
In a presentation to the ConservativeHome
website, Ashcroft challenged David Cameron to “weaponise” himself – a
play on the wording Ed Miliband is reported to have used to describe
Labour’s tactics on the NHS.
Labour and the Liberal Democrats were shocked by signs of the depth
of the SNP breakthrough despite losing the independence referendum in
September. Charles Kennedy,
the former Lib Dem leader, is five points behind the SNP in his
Highlands seat of Ross, Skye and Lochabar. The poll placed the SNP in
his seat on 40%, the Lib Dems on 35%, Labour on 9% and the Tories on 8%.
Scotland "voted" No in the independence referendum. After the referendum polls were done to ascertain people`s voting intentions, and the results were reversed with a majority saying they would vote Yes if it were to be re-run.
Scottish Labour is in melt-down, Ed Milliband is highly unpopular, and Labour would lose most of its Scottish MP`s in the next general election, while the SNP would gain 45 (it now has 2).
Then, the SNP have announced that should the UK vote to leave Europe in a referendum they will definitely hold a second independence referendum, as they wish to remain in Europe.
Lastly, SNP and Plaid Cymru members would not support the Conservatives in a new government. NOTE: The Catalan people voted for independence from Spain in an "illegal" referendum and 80% voted in favour.
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